Use of Torture is Never Justified Essay - 1876 Words

Pretend it’s a regular Tuesday morning going through the usual routine: waking up, taking a shower, eating breakfast, and then in the background, there’s breaking news. A plane has crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. Mesmerized, you stand by the television listening to newscasters discuss this ‘terrible accident.’ Then, seventeen minutes later, the South Tower was hit. It’s finally becoming clear that this was no accident. Well, this was the exact scene on the morning of September 11, 2001. Soon after, President George W. Bush sent the most powerful military in the world in a search for â€Å"those who were behind these evil acts.† President Bush pledged to â€Å"direct every took of intelligence, every†¦show more content†¦Another problem with the use of torture is that in some cases, as in Abu Ghraib, it is done for the sheer entertainment of bored guards and not necessarily to accomplish any go al. What it all boils down to is that torture to extract intelligence from enemy combatants, whether it provides information beneficial to our national security or not, should not be used under any circumstances. First, let’s address this issue from a purely moral standpoint. Torture is wrong. There is no denying that fact. To put another human being through events or situations that may damage them for the rest of their lives is not right. Even if some are reluctant to have sympathy for enemy combatants, the truth is that torture also remains engrained in the memories of those committing the heinous acts. In a study done by the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS), it found that â€Å"increased exposure to combat was correlated with increased psychological trauma. Those findings are well known. But a lesser-known part of the study also looked at ‘abusive violence’ – including torture – and found that it, too, had a high correlation with PTSD† (Phillips). According to the American Psychological Association, PTSD, or Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, is an anxiety problem that develops in some people after extremely traumatic events, such as combat, crime, an accident or natural disaster. What this study reveals is that, though we may think that there is only one victimShow MoreRelatedIs Torture justified?1704 Words   |  7 PagesComposition I November 9, 2013 Is Torture justified? What is torture? Basically, this is the action of physically or psychologically hurting a person without their permission and against their will. The torture has many goals such as obtaining a confession or information of the victim, revenge for an act committed by the victim or just for entertainment morbid and sadistic of the torturer. According to the 1984  United Nations Convention against Torture, the torture is: â€Å"any act by which severe  pain  or  sufferingRead MoreTorture as a Strategy of War795 Words   |  3 PagesThe use of torture as a strategy of war is as old as war itself. Torture serves a number of different functions. One of those functions is punishment for crimes committed, and torture is still used in this way to some degree. Another one of the functions of torture is to extract information or confessions. It is this type of torture that Alan Dershowitz and Ken Roth claim was, and still is, being used in the war against terrorism. Although torture violates the principles of the Geneva ConventionRead MoreTorture Is A Violation Of Human Rights1337 Words   |  6 Pages In discussions of torture, one controversial issue has been if it is right to use torture to interrogate suspect terrorist (s) if they have information that can save civilian and military lives. On one hand, some argue that torture is never justified no matter what the situation is. On the o ther hand, some even contend that torture is a violation of our human rights. Others even maintain that it is ineffective and only causes more conflict. Some even think that it should be used as punishmentRead MoreTorture Has Been Practiced Throughout History1685 Words   |  7 PagesTorture has been practiced throughout history. â€Å"Torture is any act that intentionally inflicts severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, when executed to serve a stated purpose other than punishment, such as gathering intelligence information or intimidating government dissenters†(â€Å"Torture†). Many cultures throughout history, such as the Romans, Jews, Egyptians, and many more have used torture as part of their justice and law system. One of the Roman’s torturing methods was crucifixionRead MoreTorture Is Necessary During Interrogation1513 Words   |  7 PagesCheney, proclaimed the CIA’s use of â€Å"enhanced interrogation techniques† such as wa terboarding, against a terror suspect by the name of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed helped produce intelligence that led the CIA to Bin Laden. Cheney argued it was a good and legal program and that it was not torture. The use of EITs has sparked a debate in the public about the means of using torture in order to maintain security in the nation (Blakeley 544). The discussion about the use of torture in extreme situations has progressedRead MoreTorture Is Inhumane Treatment Of Human Beings1253 Words   |  6 Pagesever permissible to torture a person 2 Torture is a topic that everyone has thought about or talked about at some point in their life. Many states have made it illegal to torture another person and have found it to be unconstitutional to treat someone this way. I do not feel that torture should be used on anybody no matter what the crime they committed. No one should be treated with such disrespect and humiliation just so the other person can get what they want. Torture is used to inflictRead MoreEthics Of Torture : Who Are We Really Hurting?990 Words   |  4 PagesTorture is a heinous crime to anyone who is put under the duress of those who either get enjoyment or use it as a device for information gathering. In recent years it has been more in use as a focal point with the recent killings of aid and social workers in the Middle East and travelers that enter North Korea to state a message or obtain information. If the rules of the Geneva Convention do not apply, then what rules do apply? Ethics of torture: who are we really hurting? ConflictRead MoreThe Moral Of Using Torture1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Moral of Using Torture While torture is something some people would cringe at, others may approve of it as a useful tool. Is any government ever justified in using torture to gain information? Torture is defined as â€Å"the act of causing severe physical pain as a form of punishment or as a way to force someone to do or say something† (Merriam Webster 1). It has been used in various cultures throughout history such as China, Egypt, Iraq and many others, including modern America and VietnamRead MoreThe Concept Of Utilitarianism And Utilitarianism1216 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history torture has been used in a variety of ways for many different reasons. Similar to trying to get information out of someone, or just for pure cynical satisfaction. Combining the subjects of torture and utilitarianism can cause a large moral dilemma. I believe that torture can be justified by the utilitarian principle, and the example given is acceptable. Yet, I believe that the concept of utilitarianism is idealistic but not realistic. Often related to utilitarianism is the termRead MoreSlavery Was Essential For The Economy Of The United States1695 Words   |  7 Pagesever justified? Anyone who disagrees with the statement that slavery is wrong, would be viewed as an evil person. To pose a different perspective: is torture every morally justified? Some may say yes, the rest would say no. Essentially, slavery was a type of torture when it existed. Incidentally, if a person thinks that torture is justified, then that person would also have to agree that slavery is morally acceptable. Slavery has devastated every person who has ever endured it, just as torture tears

Correlation Between Race And Health Inequalities - 905 Words

As the appointed Director of the World’s Health Organization’s Commission on Social Determinants of Health, I have the opportunity to examine the relationship between race and health inequalities. Race is a significant predictor of the distribution of health inequalities as it is quite notable that people with similar biological traits seem to experience a non-random distribution of morbidity and mortality. There are various underlying factors of health inequalities in relation to race. This report will focus on the scientific misconception of racism, the consequences of colonization and environmental injustice. According to Smedley (2005) race is a societal construct for the categorization between groups of people. However, the field of medicine attributes racial biological differences as the causation of health inequalities. This is a questionable notion since scientists explained that humans are genetically 99.1% alike, with the remaining small percentage accounting for our phenotypical variation. Attributing genes as the answer to our health disparities leads to individuals believing that racial differences can be unaltered. This can be used to justify segregation of races and the superiority of certain groups, thus creating a lack of critical thinking of factors which actually contribute to certain health trends (Smedley Smedley, 2005). For example, in the film When the Bough Breaks (California Newsreel, 2008) African American women seem to have a disproportionateShow MoreRelatedRace Advances Health Care Research1335 Words   |  6 Pagesand research, and should not be eliminated. Fir stly, studying race advances health care research because it adds a layer of understanding between the doctor and the patient; the researcher and the subject. Race is a real aspect of human life, and ignoring it completely will make a superficial relationship between health care professionals and their patients. By studying the behavior of physicians, a 2010 study concluded â€Å"patient race is important to physicians when making decisions about preconceptionRead MoreSocial Context and Tobacco use1239 Words   |  5 Pageslives, including the usage and non-usage of tobacco (Poland et al, 2006). An individual’s social context includes the following: race, gender, resources, education, income, neighborhood, employment, occupation and many more aspects of their environment (Hints). Tobacco use and social context go hand and hand as one affects the other since there is high relevance between the two (Poland et al, 2006). In order to see the broader dilemma of tobacco use, so ciety must incorporate and examine the largerRead MoreUnnatural Causes : Is Inequality Making Us Sick1466 Words   |  6 PagesUnnatural Causes: Is Inequality Making us Sick, clearly explored the relationship between socioeconomic status and health, it was said that college graduates live 2.5 years longer than high school graduates† (California Newsreel, 2008). This documentary illustrated how one’s level of education not only impacts their quality of life, but also impacts the duration of one’s life. This video was very surprising, instructive, informative, depressing and occasionally infuriating. I have always knownRead MoreWilkinson Picketts Spirit Level Book Essays1401 Words   |  6 Pages Wilkinson Pickett, (WP) assert that society on the whole would be healthier, more successful and happier if the gap between the affluent and the poor was tightened. The ‘Spirit Level Book’, written by them in 2010, is one of the most influential books on social policy to date and it argues that not only does inequality affect the ones down the bottom of the ladder but everyone across the board. Affluent countries perform better when social indicators are more equal across society. This essayRead MoreThe Politics Of Preventable Deaths : Local Spending, Income Inequality, And Premature Mortality809 Words   |  4 PagesSpending, Income Inequality, and Premature Mortality in US Cities. The article focuses on juxtaposing income inequality and premature mortality rate, with several variables. These are: â€Å"percentage in poverty†, â€Å"percentage non-Hispanic Black†, â€Å"Income inequality measured by the Gini coefficient†, â€Å"city financial expenditures† â€Å"mayoral type† and â€Å"party affiliation† (Ronzio, Pamuk, Squires 176). In their survey of the existing literature, the researchers sought to reveal connections between a high levelRead MoreEssay Ethnic Inequality in Health Care1723 Words   |  7 Pagesof this essay is to firstly give an overview of the existence of inequalities of health related to ethnicity, by providing some evidence that ethnic inequality in health is a reality in the society and include definitions of keywords. Secondly, I will bring forward arguments for and against on the major sociological explanations (racial discrimination, arefact, access to and quality of care) for the existenc e of health inequalities related to ethnicity. Thirdly, I would also like to take the knowledgeRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is A Public Health Issue1637 Words   |  7 Pagesdeclined by 10% from 2012 to 2013 from 29.4 to 26.5. In fact, the birth rate has been on a steady decline over the past 20 years, from 61.8 in 1991 to 26.5 in 2013. Teenage pregnancy represents both a health and social inequality in our society. Specifically, teenage childbearing is a public health issue because teenage mothers are more likely to experience negative social outcomes such as dropping out of school. This is a self-reinforcing cycle, as children of teenage mothers face higher chancesRead MoreGender Differences And Gender Inequality1717 Words   |  7 Pages Gender differences and gender inequality are sometimes used interchangeably but do not refer to the same thing. The two concepts are common in gender literature; however, they are not uniform across different cultures based on the degr ee of conservative attitudes present. The significant differences between sexes and used as arguments against equal rights primarily against women’s rights. Hence, the gender issue has continually been created in light of the standard views or conceptions ofRead MoreUnnatural Causes Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagespeople believe, America’s health status is not quite â€Å"up-to-par,† to say the least. Over forty-seven million people in the United States lack health insurance; that is more than 15% of our nation’s population! At first this disturbing truth seems impossible to believe, being as America is one of the most technologically advanced and economically developed countries in the world. â€Å"We spend trillions of dollars per year on medical care. That’s nearly half of all the health dollars spent in the worldRead MoreThe Effects Of Food Stamps On Obesity1549 Words   |  7 Pagesrates, such as racial inequality and federal food assistance programs, and argues that they do significantly contribute to the prevalent health issue. The articles analyzed for this paper are Baum (2011) â€Å"The effects of food stamps on obesity† from the Southern Economic Journal; Darmon and Drewnowski (2005) â€Å"The economics of obesity: dietary energy density and energy cost† from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; and Broady and Meeks (2015) â€Å"Obesity and social inequality in America† from the

Google Markets Preliminary Matter

Question: Discuss about theGoogle Marketsfor Preliminary Matter. Answer: Introduction Google is well known for its trick of matchmaking i.e. there technique in of pairing the pool of internet user to the advertiser is amazing. Some of the observer has concluded that this match making somehow represent one of the greatest business ideas in history (Preis et al 2013). This has never been done by other media companies like television, magazine and newspaper but none is more profitable. Google mission is pretty clear to rearrange all the information in the world and make it accessible and useful to the whole universe. Understanding Search As a preliminary matter to study search then one has to understand its mechanics, how Google as a firm does indexing to the web and does the ranking own its search results. Its also crucial to the entire infrastructure which provide power to Google and they boost their competition through its scaling and complexity. When looking at search its important to understand the following facts while performing any search, on Google the result on are usually generated by the specific industry professionals to be either natural or organic search. Different engine use distinctive algorithms in coming up with order of the organic results. Specifically Google uses Page Rank techniques initially developed by the founder of Google Larry Page it is a bit of play which all web pages (Wu et al 2014). Its important to know that Google usually never accept financing for placement of any links in organic search results. In the ranking Page Rank consider the pages which have more links and rank them higher thus acting like a contest. Search engine optimization involves (SEO) the process of improving the features of the organic page. Its functionally critical to many organization more in the marketing frame because it should be concerning for the pages to first within the page to ensure that customer easily view the site. Its vague how Google how Google has refined Page Rank because at the past many have tried to jam the system. But they are background efforts to which uses other two hundred signals which is coupled with search support team by constantly carrying out analysis own user behavior to ensure that they tweak the system and while boosting its accuracy. Some link fraud use some bogus websites to link back to the pages they are trying to promote but Google works relentlessly to try and uncover and shut down there efforts (Haucap et al 2014). Spider, Bots and Crawlers When a search is performed in Google its redirected to other search engine and not the web as thought before. The process that includes retrieving something that is a copy of the web, which is the result of many stored and indexed documents that are kept online in their own very computer. The Google index is consist of trillions of URLs an when you start the search Google starts retrieving and how fast Google is, can be proved by how fast the option that appear own the search tab when type a given command. Web crawler, spider or software robots are the specific software that there are used to create the massive indexes which are used to retrieve the information required within the shortest time possible (Gimen et al 2015) They may have some difference but at the end of the day they usually do the same thing. Spider for instance normally collects all the public computer a network or networks for their public websites. They peruse the list or what is known commonly as crawling through all the available is ensuring the pages are uncovered completely. Occasionally Google crawl over the updated sites as often as an hour. The one that are rarely updated are re-indexed after every few days. Based on the crawling methods than it meant that if a website in its original server is not the first page or its not linked to the public page the it may have possibility of it never being found. Additionally as own offer the search provide pages that allow submission of individual websites for indexing purposes. Other people prefer their content in the web to remain of the limit. Several organization have created some set of standards that that hinder the crawler together with other related commercial search and all the engine do respect those standards. Methods used to this include putting lines coding some HTML which invisibly embedded in the web which command the entire crawler to halt indexing those pages. Users cannot see the code but they are visible to the commercial web crawlers. Other methods to stop indexing include website administrators putting special files which prevent or offer guidance on how the software crawler should treat those websites. Search Advertising To get a glimpse of search adverting then one has to know the advertising models and understand factors which underlie the ranking and the display of the adverts which own search page. Beside SEO one has to know what search engine is marketing which are practices involved in the running and constantly optimizing the search engine ad campaigns. Its quite a hot topic like the SEO which is gaining lot of influence. Approximately two-thirds of Google funds come from advertisement found own its sites and most of that comes from the search engines. Google experiment often with merging some videos and images ads with search, but usually the ads that are seen to the organic search are just text ads. Those words are the ads advertisement, which created to target what the user would type as a query. Hence advertiser always bid on the type of words they want to be used so as to ensure the display of their add This a great idea linking search with advertisement since what the user want be search always indicate openly some interest in a given topic. Google ads usually emerge when many user have some purchasing intentions. Thus without any doubt search ads hence are far more effective than the conventional display ads. To make it better, search ads are very targeted because advertiser reward Google only after results are delivered. Advertising through search can be done through the following setting up a Google Ad Words account for advertisement in some few minutes. The specifically choose a singled or multiplied campaign which open up for more than one ads for some keywords. Payment also are specified when a click is done, there overall ad budget and the after that they can control additional factors like timing and ad campaign duration. Mobile Apps the Biggest Challenge for Google Search Its approximated that user spend about 3hours in the US in using there Smartphone and tablet. In comparison between desktop uses of web browsers, users who have tablet are estimated that they use estimated 86% of their time in apps and only 14% own the web. This is a major concern to Google since when a search in own the search engine, it both provide the ads and continuously updates the user profile. But when a search is done through other engine for instant Yelp own the iphone, the Google can trace that at all. Yelp earned up to $550 million in ad alone in 2015, which was a 45% increase from the past year. This list is rapidly growing for specific app that differ the user from the Google web search. This fragmentation has an impact on Google search and the app owner is taking the advertising to another level with a new technique called the deep linking. This development allows launch and provision of information about a given item. Example is clicking a tumblr link for wrist watch and the link direct you to the vendor say Amazon without passing through Google. Comparing the statistics of 2012 and 2014, a great change can be noted. In 2012 the statistics were standing at 82.5% for the share of the mobile search alone. E-market has done there research following the rise of specific app and in 2014 the number were at 65.6% and the growth in the above mentioned was by 5.4% to about 23%. Although the is decline in Google search in mobiles as a remedy Google is now offering some additional features which aim at giving the user a reason to stick to the search and map products (Gimen et al 2015). The new hotel format is an example which allows one to have access to high quality photos, booking services are also provided and hotel rating is also provided. Other example is in the car search, its a format that allow for panoramic peruse through the cars, it offer the surfer build and price opportunity and adding up with finding the dealer. The one for mortgage provide for side to side clear comparisons. The ones for restaurants provide option for food delivery via deep linking. The relevance of Google on mobile especially is absolutely inevitable. But like all other business venture it comes with it shares of risk. For instance the move by Google travel booking is already raising heat with the biggest customer of the firm (Dioun Haveman 2015). Priceline and Expedia spend jointly about %2.5 billion in search and advertising thus making up to 5% of Google revenue. Google has an ability to make a contact hotels, travel agencies and airlines but this would create channel pressure and a shift in the market. Other concerns are the legal issues and the claims that Google is using its dominance in the search to advance its own service above its rivals. Reference Preis, T., Moat, H. S., Stanley, H. E. (2013). Quantifying trading behavior in financial markets using Google Trends. Dioun, C., Haveman, H. (2015, January). The Price of Legitimacy: Regulation, Risk and Uncertainty in Legal Marijuana Markets. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 13312). Academy of Management. Wu, J., Deng, Y. (2015). Intercity information diffusion and price discovery in housing markets: Evidence from Google Searches. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 50(3), 289-306. Haucap, J., Heimeshoff, U. (2014). Google, Facebook, Amazon, eBay: Is the Internet driving competition or market monopolization?. International Economics and Economic Policy, 11(1-2), 49-61. Gimeno, J., Yu, T., Zhang, Y. (2015, January). Strategic Impact of Input Hedging on Output Markets: Do Hedging Windfalls Make Firms Aggressive?. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 13146). Academy of Management.